An enzyme called dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) cleaves and inactivates GLP-1 almost instantly, preventing it from reaching therapeutic targets in any meaningful way
It has been widely used in anti-aging and cosmetic products in humans for decades without any adverse effects and can be easily incorporated in creams, liposomes, foams or subcutaneous injections
interestingly, Okui et al
Joseph DB, Henry GH, Malewska A, Reese JC, Mauck RJ, Gahan JC, et al
PQQ is a food-based coenzyme with potent antioxidant properties that enhances various functions which includes increasing the activity of NGF and its receptors, which protect nerve cells and suppressing the formation of fibrils and aggregation of amyloid- (Jonscher et al., 2021)