One major obstacle is the difficulty in translating animal model results into human clinical settings due to species-specific variations in drug metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and the complexity of arrhythmias in human patients
A dozen enzymes (cuproenzymes) use changes in copper oxidation states to catalyze important biochemical reactions, including cellular respiration (cytochrome c oxidase), antioxidant defense (ceruloplasmin, superoxide dismutase (SOD), detoxification (metallothioneins), blood clotting (blood clotting factors V and VIII), and the connective tissue formation (lysyl peroxidase)
Neagu N, Conforti C, Agozzino M, et al
LXXIII: Oxidation of tartaric acid in presence of iron
Immunity induced by natural infection may be more long-lasting and can be life-long against certain strains [121]